VDR expression in adipocytes affects energy metabolism and aids in obesity development. The importance of VDR in the etiology of obesity has been related to the existence of the VDR polymorphisms FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI. Obesity, metabolic disorders, and bone mass defects are associated with VDR alleles. Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have been associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome components such as abdominal obesity, with both vitamin D deficiency and VDR gene polymorphisms contributing to its development. Vitamin D regulates cell proliferation and differentiation and exhibits immunoregulatory, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant characteristics.
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